THESIS ABSTRACT

Abstract

Traditional fired clay brick is the most common and predominant construction material but they have higher costs, environmental impacts and longer construction time. In response to high demand for sustainable, cost – effective and efficient building technologies, this study investigated interlocking blocks as potential alternative to conventional clay bricks for residential construction. This study evaluated the engineering properties, cost – effectiveness and social acceptance of interlocking blocks as an alternative to red clay bricks for residential buildings in Mahalaxmi Municipality, Lalitpur. Mixed approach was used, which included laboratory tests (compressive strength test, water absorption test and dry density), cost comparison, questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews which helped in analysis of performance, economic viability and public perception of interlocking blocks. The study found that interlocking blocks are cheaper alternative to red clay bricks. It resulted to 16.8% total savings while providing higher density and better water resistance. Although their compressive strength was lesser than first class red clay bricks, respondents showed positive perception towards their use because of construction ease, economic advantages and environmental benefits. Although full market replacement may take time, interlocking blocks show immense potential for wider adoption. The study recommends implementing targeted public awareness campaigns, mason training programs, and rigorous quality control measures. Further research on long-term durability and seismic performance, thermal properties, life- cycle costs, and environmental impacts is highlighted to fully validate this sustainable alternative.

Keywords

Residential buildings, Red Clay Brick, Cost effective