THESIS ABSTRACT

Abstract

Urban water scarcity is a growing issue in many municipalities in Nepal. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and increased pressure on current water supply systems contribute to this problem. Suryabinayak Municipality, situated in Bhaktapur District, faces significant challenges in meeting its residents' water needs. Irregular municipal water supply, seasonal shortages, and reliance on alternative water sources have made water management a critical concern. In this situation, rainwater harvesting (RWH) is recognized as a sustainable and practical method that can supplement traditional water sources and improve household water availability. This study aims to evaluate the potential of rainwater harvesting systems as a viable solution to urban water scarcity in Suryabinayak Municipality. The research used both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were gathered through a household questionnaire survey conducted in different wards of the municipality. A total of 215 households were selected as samples using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based fishnet sampling technique to ensure representative sampling across the study area. The survey collected information on household water sources, frequency of water shortages, effects of water scarcity, awareness and use of rainwater harvesting systems, and possible uses of harvested rainwater. Secondary data, including rainfall records and related information, were obtained from relevant institutions to analyze rainfall patterns and assess the reliability and potential of rainwater harvesting in the area. The findings show that many households experience water shortages frequently or seasonally, especially during dry months. Water scarcity leads to challenges for families, including sanitation issues, increased costs from purchasing water from private vendors, and other daily problems linked to insufficient water supply. The study indicates that households rely on multiple sources for water, such as municipal supply, groundwater, and private vendors. Despite significant rainfall during the monsoon season, few households adopt or use rainwater harvesting systems. Only a small percentage currently practice rainwater harvesting, and the collected water is primarily used for non-potable purposes like cleaning, washing, and gardening. Analysis of rainfall patterns reveals that the monsoon season offers a great opportunity for collecting and storing rainwater. This could 2 help lessen the impact of water shortages during dry periods. However, the study identifies various barriers to adopting rainwater harvesting systems, including lack of awareness, limited technical knowledge, initial installation costs, and insufficient institutional support. Addressing these issues through awareness programs, technical assistance, and supportive municipal policies could significantly boost the adoption of rainwater harvesting practices in the municipality. In conclusion, the study suggests that rainwater harvesting has strong potential to enhance existing water supply sources and aid sustainable urban water management in Suryabinayak Municipality. Promoting rainwater harvesting systems at both household and community levels can help alleviate water scarcity, improve water security, and support the long-term sustainable use of water resources in the region.

Keywords

Rainwater Harvesting, Water Scarcity, Urban Water Management, Household Water Supply, Suryabinayak Municipality.