THESIS ABSTRACT

Abstract

Building codes are a set of regulations and standards established by governmental authorities to ensure the safety, health, and welfare of the public. These building codes are prepared with consideration of seismology of country, accepted level of seismic risk, properties of construction materials, construction methods, and structure categories. Large earthquakes in Nepal during the last 25 years have provided fresh insights. A new seismic hazard map for Nepal was presented using a probabilistic technique and NNBC 105:2020, Seismic Designs of Buildings in Nepal, was revised after 25 years which elaborates the performance requirements of building more accurately in terms of collapse prevention and damage limitation with a verification against ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state and is applicable to seismic design of all types of buildings prevalent in Nepal. Therefore, revised NNBC 105:2020 provides more specific and safe design of buildings as per the present seismic risks in Nepal but still NNBC 105:2020 is not implemented effectively at all local levels. The objective of this study is to determine the challenges in implementation of NNBC 105:2020 and to identify the difference in terms of cost for constructing residential building using NNBC 205:2024 compared to existing NNBC 205:2012 and to suggest possible remedies to implement NNCB 105:2020. The methodology involved was questionnaire surveys, expert opinions and computer aided software. The study showed that there are several economic, social, institutional and legal challenges for its implementation. Cost increment, lack of training and dissemination, unwillingness of local body, lack of technical manpower, lack of design guidelines and low socioeconomic conditions of people were observed as major challenges. the absence of appropriate training and code dissemination among local players, such as engineers, architects, builders, and local government representatives, is one of the main problems. It's possible that many local stakeholders are vaguely unaware of or do not completely comprehend the terms of NNBC 105:2020. It becomes challenging to appropriate implement the code throughout the design and construction phases without sufficient understanding. Lack of institutional capacity like insufficient technical manpower, lack of vi political will, lack of awareness, lack of elimination of informal construction and absence of legal enforcement were observed challenges. The study shows that new NNBC 205:2024 increases overall 14.71% and per sq. ft 0.017% of cost of construction for residential building in a case of Tarkeshwor Municipality as compared to NNBC 205:2012. Therefore, Tarkeshwor Municipality should enforce codal compliance through awareness, fines, penalties and incentives as per building act, 2055 and local government operation act, 2074 and informal construction practices should be fully eliminated through institutional strengthening, effective training and inspection of constructions.

Keywords

Challenges in Implementation of NNBC 105:2020, Impact on Cost for Construction of Category-C RCC Building by NNBC 205:2024, Legal Provisions Regarding Building Construction, Remedies for Effective Implementation of NNBC 105:2020.