Construction waste management is a critical issue in the construction industry, and it has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its environmental and economic implications. This research aimed to identify the types and volume of construction waste generated in residential building construction, explore current waste management practices, identify primary challenges in managing construction waste, and propose effective measures for improvement in Birgunj Metropolitan City. For investigation, a mixed methodology was used. The research tools used to collect data were field observation. Questionnaires were used to collect data from construction sites of Birgunj Metropolitan City. Altogether data was collected from ten construction sites and persons engaged (owners and contractors) during and after constructions. The data used in this study was obtained from primary data collection and secondary data collection. The major findings were generated on the basis of primary data. The major categories of construction waste generated at site were concrete, bricks and sand, debris, wood chips, bamboo and formwork, iron (reinforcement bars, nails, binding wires etc.). The major causes of generation of construction waste are improper handling of materials, lack of information in drawing, changes made to design while construction is in progress, damage of material on site, damage during transportation, poor quality of material, poor workmanship, required quantity unclear due to improper planning, natural causes (such as earthquake, flooding, rain, water logging in construction sites etc.). The major conclusions of this study are average construction waste generated in 1000 sq. ft residential building is 4021 kg by weight and 259 cubic ft by volume, current management practice includes 80% backing in own land and 20% dumping in open lands or municipal land fill sites, major challenges found for waste disposal are lack of space to dispose, waste segregations and lack of policy and guidelines from municipality and proper planning, segregation, reduce and reuse of waste and policy from municipalities for effective waste management. The result of this study recommended the owner to monitor construction sites at all the critical stages of project period (during layout, bar bending, casting of slab, beam, and column) and asking contractor / masonry to reduce avoidable waste generation. Regular waste management audits must be conducted to ensure corrective action for waste reduction and policy should be made from municipalities and government side of Birgunj Metropolitan City.

Keywords

Birgunj Metropolitan City, Constructions Waste Management, Recycling and Segregation, Waste Minimization Plan.

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